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Docker containers can't resolve DNS

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I’ve recently switched over to using Docker for dev work on a Windows 10 host, and it’s worked pretty well. Today, apt-get somehow stopped working; e.g.,

...RUN apt-get update && apt-get install...
---> Running in ...
Err:1 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security InRelease
Temporary failure resolving 'security.ubuntu.com'
Err:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease
Temporary failure resolving 'archive.ubuntu.com'
Err:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates InRelease
Temporary failure resolving 'archive.ubuntu.com'
Err:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports InRelease
Temporary failure resolving 'archive.ubuntu.com'
Reading package lists...
W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/xenial/InRelease Temporary failure resolving 'archive.ubuntu.com'
W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/xenial-updates/InRelease Temporary failure resolving 'archive.ubuntu.com'
W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/xenial-backports/InRelease Temporary failure resolving 'archive.ubuntu.com'
W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/xenial-security/InRelease Temporary failure resolving 'security.ubuntu.com'
W: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.

This StackOverflow.com post suggests it might be DNS-related, so I changed it from the (default) Google DNS config to Cloudflare’s. Google’s seem to have been (very recently) blocked for whatever reason. Here’s how my Settings -> Network looks like now:

/2018-04-docker-settings-network.png